TOLES Foundation 1A (Definitions 2)

advocate

this is a person who pleads a case of someone before a court; an advocate must be self

allegation

an accusation against the defendant without proof; a statement by a party of what they undertake to prove

assets

things that a person or company owns

attorney / attorney

in

bailiff

umowa przewidująca zapłatę wynagrodzenia tylko w przypadku wygranej sprawy

enforcement officer

a fully qualified lawyer who acts on behalf of the court to collect fines and debts; a debt collector

barrister

this person is a lawyer who gives legal advice and opinions to solicitors. he or she passed the exams of the bar council of england & wales at the end of his or her studies.

breach

means to break the law, e.g. ‘to breach a contract’, or ‘a breach of contract’

claim

1) noun: a right to claim or demand something; a demand for a right or supposed right, a title to any debt, privilege, or other thing in possession of another 2) verb: to be entitled to anything; to officially ask for something as a right

claim form

the document that a claimant uses to start legal action against the defendant

conveyancing

the process of legally transferring ownership of land or buildings from one person to another

damages

compensation; the money to compensate for the damage

damage

injury or harm to a person, property, or reputation

defendant

a party to a court case against whom a claim was filed to a court of law; a person required to make an answer in an action or suit

court fee

a sum of money that a claimant has to pay to the court to issue proceedings

goods

things that we purchase; objects produced for sale; things that are produced so that they can be sold

hearing

when a judge listens to the details of the claim and what the claimant and the defendant say about their dispute

injured person

the person who is hurt because of someone’s negligence

insolvent

not having enough money to pay one's debts

insolvency

the state of a business of not having enough money to pay what it owes

tenancy / landlord/ tenant

a person who owns a house, a flat or office and receives rent from someone for allowing them to live there, or to use the building for business purposes

lease / lessor / lessee

an agreement to allow someone to use land or buildings for a fixed period of time in return for a payment of rent

maternity leave

the time period when a woman is not at work before or after the birth of her baby

merger

joining together of two or more things, such as companies, to form one single thing or company

negligence

means that someone was not careful enough and this person’s carelessness hurt another person as a result

partnership

a business which a minimum of two people own and control

permission

the act of permitting or allowing

permit

an official document that gives you permission to do something

persecute

to treat someone extremely badly or refuse them equal rights, especially because of their race, religion or political beliefs

prosecute

to take legal action against someone in the criminal court

plaintiff

the person who starts the claim in the civil court against the defendant; called the claimant in the uk

plead a case

speak for someone in court

redundancy

a situation where someone has to leave their job because they are no longer needed by the employer

rent

the money that someone pays, usually every month, to use a flat, a house or an office that belongs to someone else

request

ask for, demand

require

need

right of audience

the skill of speaking for someone in court (advocacy)

sick pay

the money that an employer must pay to an employee when that employee is ill and cannot work

solicitor

a lawyer who gives legal advice to individuals and companies. he or she passed the exams of the law society of england and wales at the end of the studies

suing someone

informal way of saying starting legal proceedings against someone

tenant

a person who pays rent to the owner of a house, a flat or an office in return for living there, or for using the building for business purposes

the small claims court

the special procedure that exist at the county court for small claims; a small claim is a claim for a maximum amount of £5.000

tort

harmful action in which someone hurts or harms another person because of a breach

unfair dismissal

a situation where someone loses his or her job for a reason that is not legally admissible

valid

legally correct and acceptable (opp. invalid)

validity

the quality or state of being valid

advocate

this is a person who pleads a case of someone before a court; an advocate must be self-employed

allegation

an accusation against the defendant without proof; a statement by a party of what they undertake to prove

assets

things that a person or company owns

attorney / attorney-in-fact

this person is a lawyer who gives legal advice to individuals and companies. he or she passed his or her exam in the usa at the end of his or her studies and is usually a member of the american bar associationy-in-fact

bailiff

a person who can legally take a person’s property when the person does not pay money that he or she owes; also an officer in the court who keeps order in the courtroom

enforcement officer

a fully qualified lawyer who acts on behalf of the court to collect fines and debts; a debt collector

barrister

this person is a lawyer who gives legal advice and opinions to solicitors. he or she passed the exams of the bar council of england & wales at the end of his or her studies.

breach

means to break the law, e.g. ‘to breach a contract’, or ‘a breach of contract’

claim

1) noun: a right to claim or demand something; a demand for a right or supposed right, a title to any debt, privilege, or other thing in possession of another 2) verb: to be entitled to anything; to officially ask for something as a right

claim form

the document that a claimant uses to start legal action against the defendant

conveyancing

the process of legally transferring ownership of land or buildings from one person to another

damages

compensation; the money to compensate for the damage

damage

injury or harm to a person, property, or reputation

defendant

a party to a court case against whom a claim was filed to a court of law; a person required to make an answer in an action or suit

court fee

a sum of money that a claimant has to pay to the court to issue proceedings

goods

things that we purchase; objects produced for sale; things that are produced so that they can be sold

hearing

when a judge listens to the details of the claim and what the claimant and the defendant say about their dispute

injured person

the person who is hurt because of someone’s negligence

insolvent

not having enough money to pay one's debts

insolvency

the state of a business of not having enough money to pay what it owes

tenancy / landlord/ tenant

a person who owns a house, a flat or office and receives rent from someone for allowing them to live there, or to use the building for business purposes

lease / lessor / lessee

an agreement to allow someone to use land or buildings for a fixed period of time in return for a payment of rent

maternity leave

the time period when a woman is not at work before or after the birth of her baby

merger

joining together of two or more things, such as companies, to form one single thing or company

negligence

means that someone was not careful enough and this person’s carelessness hurt another person as a result

partnership

a business which a minimum of two people own and control

permission

the act of permitting or allowing

permit

an official document that gives you permission to do something

persecute

to treat someone extremely badly or refuse them equal rights, especially because of their race, religion or political beliefs

prosecute

to take legal action against someone in the criminal court

plaintiff

the person who starts the claim in the civil court against the defendant; called the claimant in the uk

plead a case

speak for someone in court

redundancy

a situation where someone has to leave their job because they are no longer needed by the employer

rent

the money that someone pays, usually every month, to use a flat, a house or an office that belongs to someone else

request

ask for, demand

require

need

right of audience

the skill of speaking for someone in court (advocacy)

sick pay

the money that an employer must pay to an employee when that employee is ill and cannot work

solicitor

a lawyer who gives legal advice to individuals and companies. he or she passed the exams of the law society of england and wales at the end of the studies

suing someone

informal way of saying starting legal proceedings against someone

tenant

a person who pays rent to the owner of a house, a flat or an office in return for living there, or for using the building for business purposes

the small claims court

the special procedure that exist at the county court for small claims; a small claim is a claim for a maximum amount of £5.000

tort

harmful action in which someone hurts or harms another person because of a breach

unfair dismissal

a situation where someone loses his or her job for a reason that is not legally admissible

valid

legally correct and acceptable (opp. invalid)

validity

the quality or state of being valid

will

a legal document in which a person gives details of what they want to happen to their property after their death