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tak, taki/więc, zatem, dlatego/aby, abym
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so
The movie was so good! / I was very tired, so I went to bed early. / It was a bad weather, so we decided to stay home.
od, od czasu/ponieważ, jako że, skoro/ od kiedy, odkąd
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since
They haven't visited us since the children were little.
I haven't seen her since Monday. / They have lived in London since 2010. / Since it's raining, we should stay home. / Since I am not a rabbit, I will not eat a salad. / We cancelled the trip, since the forecast was bad.
nadal, wciąż, ciągle/jednak, mimo to, jednakże
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still
I still don't know what to do. / It's still raining outside. / I didn't win this game, but still I' l'm proud of myself. / He said he was too busy, still he offered to help us.
podczas gdy, w czasie gdy, podczas, w trakcie/natomiast/pomimo, że
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while
He didn't offer us anything to eat while he knew that wr were really hungry.
While I was cooking my sister was watching TV. / He read the book while waiting for the bus. / You shouldn't use your phone while driving. / Tom likes coffee, while Sarah prefers tea. / Some people work best in the morning, while others are night owl.
chyba że, dopóki nie, jeśli nie
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unless
Most wild animals won't attack unless they are provoked. / Unless you hurry, we will be late. / I'm leaving now unless you have something important to tell me.
w przeciwnym razie, inaczej/poza tym/inaczej, co innego, w inny sposób
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Otherwise
The accident happened just as I described, I can't say otherwise. / I think we should sell this house, but she thinks otherwise.
She must tell him, otherwise he will be mad at her. / You must leave now, otherwise you will miss your train. / Take notes, otherwise you'll forget the details. / He had small fever, otherwise he felt fine.
oprócz, poza/ poza tym, ponadto, oprócz, poza
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besides
I don't do any exercise besides walking. / What other hobbies do you have besides reading? /Besides math and physics, I also study chemistry. / It's too late, besides, I' sleepy. / The movie was too long and confusing. Besides, the tickets were overpriced
w rzeczywistości, faktycznie, w sumie, właściwie
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In fact
These people are, in fact, my friends. / I thought the presentation was good. In fact, it was the best I've ever seen. / Many people believe the Earth is perfectly round. In fact, it is an oblate spheroid.
Zasadniczo, w zasadzie, w gruncie rzeczy
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basically
Basically, the plan is to save moneyand travel the world next year. / The new system is basically the same as the old one, just with a few modern features. / So how is your date? Basically, it was a disaster.
Na początek, po pierwsze/zacząć od
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To start with
To start with, we need to buy the materials. Then we can begin construction. / I have several reasons for leaving this job. To start with, the pay is too low. / I would like to start with something positive.
całkowicie, kompletnie, zupełnie
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completely
I completely agree with your assessment. / The old building was completely destroyed in the fire. / I was completely unaware of the mistake until you pointed it out.
pozornie, na pierwszy rzut oka, widocznie, najwyraźniej
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seemingly
He returned to the battlefield, seemingly unharmed by thr blast.
Seemingly, the problem has been solved, but we need to check the details. / It was a seemingly simple question, yet nobody could answer it. / The house stood empty for years, seemingly abandoned by its owners.
Mimo, pomimo, wbrew
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In spite of
In spite of the rain, they had a wonderful picnic. / She succeeded in spite of all the difficulties. / In spite of feeling tired, he went to the gym. / They continued the search in spite of the dark and the cold.
W odróżnieniu, w przeciwieństwie do
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In contrast to
In contrast to his brother, he is very shy and quiet. / In contrast to the cloudy morning, the afternoon was bright and sunny. / In contrast to living in the city, the village offers peace and quiet.
Z jednej i drugiej strony
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On the one hand and the other hand
On the one hand, the job offers a great salary, but on the other hand, the working hours are very long. / On the one hand, remote work is convenient, but on the other hand, it can lead to social isolation.
Przeciwnie, wręcz przeciwnie
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On the contrary
The new manager isn't unpopular. On the contrary, employees seem to respect his decisions highly. / I was not bored during the lecture. On the contrary, I found the topic quite fascinating.
Na przykład
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For instance
"For instance " is more formal than "for example"
Many modern devices rely on touchscreens. For instance, most smartphones use this technology. / Learning a new language has many benefits. For instance, it can boost your memory and concentration.
Zwróćmy uwagę na, zwróćmy się do, przejdźmy do, skupmy się teraz na
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Let's turn to
Before we finish, let's turn to the audience for questions. / Let's turn to next slide, which illustrates the sales forecast. / We have discussed the budget details. Now, let's turn to the marketing strategy.
Podsumowując, resumując
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To summarise
To summarise, the main reasons for the delay were bad weather and equipment failure. / The research shows that our marketing efforts, to summarise, were not effective last quarter.
Innymi słowy, mówiąc inaczej
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In other words
The company is experiencing negative cash flow. In other words, they are spending more than they earn.
Niestety, z przykrością
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Sadly
Unfortunately
Sadly, the concert was cancelled due to bad weather. / He was talented, but sadly, he never achieved his full potential.
właściwie, rzeczywiście, faktycznie, tak naprawdę
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actually
She seems very confident, but she's actually quite shy. / I didn't expect the job to be difficult, but it's actually quite challenging. / Did you like the movie? Actually, I love it!
Zdecydowanie, na pewno, z pewnością
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definitely
I definitely need a holiday. / This coffee is definitely the best in town. / You should definitely visit the museum when you are in Paris. / The new marketing strategy has definitely boosted our sales.
Oprócz tego, poza tym, pomijając to
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Apart from that
The flight was delayed by an hour. Apart from that, the journey was excellent. / I don't eat meat and I'm allergic to nuts. Apart from that, I can eat anything.
aby, abym, żeby, żebym, by
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so that
She spoke clearly so that everyone would understand. / He saved money so that he could buy a new car. / Please be quiet so that the baby can sleep. / I wrote down the number so that I wouldn't forget it.
Niemniej jednak, jednakże, mimo to
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Nevertheless
The research was expensive and time-consuming, nevertheless it provided groundbreaking results. / The tickets were very expensive. Nevertheless the concert was completely sold out.
Niezależnie od, bez względu na
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regardless of
Everyone must follow the rules, regardless of their position. / The project will launch on time, regardless of the budget cuts. / She always wears bright colors, regardless of the season.
Ogólnie rzecz biorąc, na ogół, w większości
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On the whole
The hotel had a few minor issues, but on the whole we had a pleasant stay.
Chociaż, mimo że
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although
Although the work was difficult, she managed to finish it on time. / Although the tickets were expensive, the concert was worth every penny. / He accepted the job, although the pay wasn't as high as he expected.
Jeśli chodzi o, jeżeli mowa o, w kwestii
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When it comes to
When it comes to cooking, nobody is better than my grandmother. / I'm quite patient, but when it comes to waiting in lines, I get annoyed.
najwyraźniej, widocznie, jak widać
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apparently
I don't know the full story. He quit the job, apparently because he found a better offer. / He was sick yesterday, but apparently he is feeling much better today.
podobno, według doniesień, jak doniesiono
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reportedly
Reportedly, the factory will be closing down next month due to low profitability. / The new smartphone is reportedly lighter and has a better camera. / The ancient treasure was reportedly found in the cave high in the mountains.
jeśli chodzi o, w sprawie, odnośnie, dotyczące
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regarding
Regarding your recent application, we will contact you next week. / I have a question regarding the payment schedule. / The committee is currently reviewing documents regarding the safety regulations.
Według, zgodnie z, jak podaje
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According to
According to the latest weather forecast, it will snow tomorrow. / According to the new regulations, all employees must complete the training. / The company made a record profit this quarter, according to the annual report.
na, za, zgodnie z, według
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per
The maximum speed limit is 50 kilometres per hour. / The price is 20$ per item / The data was organized per the latest company guidelines. / Per your request, I attached the documents.
gdy, kiedy, ponieważ, jak, jako/równie, tak samo, tak jak/jak tylko, jak również
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As
He brought his guitar as well as violin.
As I was leaving the house, the phone rang. / As it was getting late, we decided to take a taxi. / He works as a bartender. / Do as you are told. / I'm as tall as my brother. / As soon as I get the money, I will pay you back.
Od, na dzień, począwszy od
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As of
As of January 1st, all new contracts will include this clause. / As of this morning, we have received 500 applications. / As of now, we have no confirmed information about delay.
na dzień, stan na dzień, według stanu na
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as at
We need an updated list of inventory as at the end of the second quarter.
w przeciwieństwie do, inaczej niż
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unlike
Unlike last year, the company's profits have risen sharply. / Unlike the novel, the movie had a happy ending. / We prefer to buy products that are durable, unlike those cheap plastic items.
w celu wyjaśnienia, aby wyjaśnić, upewnić się, precyzując, dla jasności
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to clarify
to clarify - wyjaśnać, doprecyzować
She wasn't able to clarify this situation. / To clarify my position, I fully support this project, but I have concerns about the timeline. / So, to clarify, you need the final approval by the end of the day tomorrow? /
niezwykle, niesłychanie, wyjątkowo, niezmiernie, nadzwyczaj, ekstremalnie
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extremely
Completing this project on time is extremely important for the company's reputation.
The stew was extremely good. / It was extremely cold last night, so I had to turn up the heating. / She was extremely happy when she heard the good news about her promotion.
w związku z tym, zatem, dlatego, w rezultacie
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therefore
All the data was inconsistent, therefore the experiment had to be repeated. / The committee reached a unanimous decision. Therefore the proposal will be approved. / I have completed all the required training, therefore I am eligible for the promotion.
W istocie, w zasadzie, w gruncie rzeczy
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In essence
The company's goal, in essence is to provide sustainable and affordable energy.
The new algorithm, in essence is a faster way to process large amount of data. / We discussed the budget, the timeline and staffing. In Essence we agreed to proceed next week.
tylko dlatego, że, sam fakt że
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just because
There is no point postponing the event just because the weather forecast is bad. / Just because he is quiet, doesn't mean he is unfriendly. / I went to the party just because my sister forced me, not because I wanted to.
tak samo jak, jak również
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as well as
He brought his mouse as well as mousepad. / The presentation was clear as well as highly informative. / We need to consider the cost as well as the long-term benefit of the investment.
to oznacza, sugeruje
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It implies
The fact that the CEO resigned suddenly implies that the company is facing major internal problems. / When he said "We will see", it implied that he wasn't fully committed to the idea.
podczas gdy, równocześnie, a zarazem, jednocześnie
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while also
She is studying for her master's degree while also working full-time at the hospital. / The new software is powerful and complex, while also being surprisingly easy to use. / This device charges your phone wirelessly while also serving as a digital clock.
W wyniku, w rezultacie, z powodu
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As a result of
The meeting was cancelled as a result of the sudden snowstorm. / Profits have increased as a result of the new marketing strategy. / Many people are homeless as a result of recent earthquake.
Dla porządku, wiadomości, ścisłości, jasności
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For the record
The CEO stated: For the record, the company has never engaged in illegal activities. / I never promised to finish it today. Just for the record the deadline is actually next week.
W oparciu o, na podstawie
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Based on
The promotion was given based on merit and years of experience, not favouritism. / The entire movie is based on a true story that happened in the 1980s. / His assessment was based on incorrect assumptions about the market.
W tym przypadku, w tej sytuacji, w takim razie
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In that case
We ran out of coffee. In that case we will have to order some immediately. / If the software is not compatible with your operating system, in that case you should contact technical support.
Z reguły, na ogół, co do zasady
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As a rule
The manager, as a rule prefers to resolve conflicts privately rather than in public meetings. / As a rule you should always double-check your sources before publishing any data.
Ponadto, co więcej
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Moreover
He is highly qualitied for the position. Moreover he has the best interpersonal skills of all the candidates. / The report was inaccurate. Moreover it was submitted three days late.
Nie wspominając o, nie mówiąc już o...
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Not to mention
The resort offers excellent service, comfortable rooms, not to mention the stunning ocean view. / The new car is reliable, not mention to fact that it has a five-year warranty.
Ogólnie, zazwyczaj, na ogół, generalnie
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In general
In general, the new policies have been well received by the employees. / In general, I prefer to work alone on detailed tasks rather than in a large group
Po pierwsze, przede wszystkim, w pierwszej kolejności
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In the first place
We need to fix the security issue in the first place, then we can worry about aesthetics. / The software failed because it was never properly tested in the first place.
całkowicie, zupełnie, totalnie, absolutnie
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totally
I totally forgot about your birthday, I'm sorry. / I think we are talking about two totally different people. / I totally agree with your proposal for the next quarter. / After the race, I was totally exhausted and couldn't move.
w skrócie, w pigułce, krótko mówiąc
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in a nutshell
I won't tell you the whole story, but im a nutshell they lost all their funding at the last minute. / Could you explain the philosophy of the program in a nutshell? I don't have much time.
na początku, początkowo
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at first
At first, we thought the package was lost, but then we relized it had been delivered to the wrong address.
mimo to, pomimo tego, nawet pomimo tego
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even so
It was raining heavily. Even so, they decided to go for a hike. / The test was much easier than I expected. Even so, I'm not sure I passed. / The tickets were very expensive, Even so, the concert was completely sold out.
jak dotąd, na razie, jak do tej pory/póki co
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so far
He's written three books so far. / This mystery so far has remained unsolved. / We have no information so far. / She hasn't called me so far.
Jeśli chodzi o, co do, a co z
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as for
I've finished my part of the report. As for John, he still needs another hour. / As for the potential risks, we have analyzed them all in details.

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