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Breach of contract.
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To spend time in prison as punishment.
A violation of the terms agreed upon in a contract.
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He is currently serving a five-year sentence for fraud.
The company sued for breach of contract after the supplier failed to deliver on time.
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Capital punishment.
Letter of the law.
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The death penalty for a serious crime.
The exact wording of the law, not its spirit or intention.
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Many countries have abolished capital punishment.
The judge followed the letter of the law, even though the result seemed unfair.
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Community service.
Spirit of the law.
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Unpaid work required instead of a prison sentence.
The intended meaning or purpose behind a law.
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The offender was sentenced to 200 hours of community service.
The new ruling reflects the spirit of the law rather than its literal wording.
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To issue a warrant.
Burden of proof.
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For a court to authorise an arrest or search.
The obligation to prove one’s claim in a legal case.
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The police issued a warrant for his arrest.
In criminal cases, the burden of proof lies with the prosecution.
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To dismiss a case.
To lodge an appeal.
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To decide that a legal case should not continue.
To officially request that a higher court review a decision.
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The judge dismissed the case due to insufficient evidence.
The defendant decided to lodge an appeal against the verdict.
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To take the stand.
To be held liable.
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To testify in court.
To be legally responsible for something.
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The witness took the stand to describe what she saw.
The company was held liable for damages caused by its product.
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To be acquitted of charges.
To stand trial.
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To be declared not guilty.
To appear in court to be judged for an alleged crime.
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He was acquitted of all charges after a lengthy trial.
He was extradited to stand trial in his home country.
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To grant immunity.
To plead guilty or not guilty.
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To officially protect someone from prosecution.
To formally admit or deny a criminal charge.
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The witness was granted immunity in exchange for her testimony.
The accused pleaded not guilty to all charges.
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To overturn a ruling.
To reach a settlement.
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To reverse a previous court decision.
To come to an agreement to end a legal dispute without going to trial.
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The appeal court overturned the earlier ruling.
The parties reached a settlement to avoid a lengthy court battle.
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To uphold the law.
To be under oath.
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To maintain and enforce the legal system.
To have sworn to tell the truth in a legal setting.
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The police are sworn to uphold the law.
The witness was under oath when she gave her testimony.
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To act in good faith.
To cross-examine.
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To behave honestly and with sincere intentions.
To question a witness from the opposing side during a trial.
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Both parties are expected to act in good faith during negotiations.
The defence lawyer cross-examined the witness to test her credibility.
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To violate someone’s rights.
To render a verdict.
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To act against legal or human rights.
For a judge or jury to announce their decision.
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The organisation was accused of violating workers’ rights.
The jury rendered a guilty verdict after three days of deliberation.
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To take legal action.
To serve a sentence.
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To start a legal process against someone.

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