→ Bio Unit 3 → Börja lära dig / Ladda ner MP3 Flashcards

Fråga		Svar
Biodiversity börja lära sig		Diversity of life; the number, variety, and variation of genes, species and ecosystems on Earth.
Organism börja lära sig		An individual life form
Species börja lära sig		A group of individuals belonging to the same lowest taxonomic unit, capable of breeding and producing fertile offspring
Ecosystem börja lära sig		Communities of organisms interacting with their physical and biological environment
Habitat börja lära sig		A specific location with a particular set of biotic and abiotic conditions; where an organism generally lives
Species diversity börja lära sig		A measure of the number and abundance of species in a community
Adaptation börja lära sig		A feature of an organism that enhances its ability to survive and reproduce in a particular environment
Abiotic factors börja lära sig		Non-living physical factors that influence organisms and ecosystems
Biotic factors börja lära sig		The living components in the environment that influence organisms and ecosystems
Ecosystem Diversity börja lära sig		A measure of the variety of different habitats, communities and ecological processes within a geographical location
Species richness börja lära sig		A measure of the numbers of species present and the evenness of species in relation to one another
Species evenness börja lära sig		The difference in the distribution of the total abundance between the species in a community
Community börja lära sig		All the species that occupy a particular place at a given time
Percentage cover börja lära sig		The percentage of a sample area covered by a target species
Percentage frequency börja lära sig		A measure of how often a species occurs in samples
Quadrat börja lära sig		A square frame used to isolate a standard unit of area so the distribution of a plant or animal can be studied
Population börja lära sig		The number of individuals of a species living in a particular place at a particular time
Relative Abundance börja lära sig		A measure of how common or rare a species is in relation to other species within a community
Simpson's Diversity Index (SDI) börja lära sig		A measure of diversity that takes into account both species richness and evenness (0 to 1 - closer to 1 means more diverse)
Predator börja lära sig		An organism that hunts, kills and eats another organism
Prey börja lära sig		An organism hunted and killed by a predator
Intraspecific competition börja lära sig		Competition between two or more individuals of the same species for resources
Interspecific competition börja lära sig		Competition between two or more individuals of different species for resources
Competition börja lära sig		Rivalry between individuals, of the same or different species, for a limited resource
Symbiosis börja lära sig		A relationship in which two organisms live in close association over a long period of time
Symbiont börja lära sig		An organism living in a symbiotic relationship with another organism
Disease börja lära sig		A condition that negatively affects the function of an individual that isn't caused directly by injury
Population density börja lära sig		A measure of the number of individuals living in a determined unit of area
Mortality börja lära sig		The ratio of total deaths to the total population of a species
Tolerance range börja lära sig		The range of a particular abiotic factor within which an organism can survive
Substrate börja lära sig		A surface on which an organism can grow
Distribution börja lära sig		Regions in which a species is found
Abundance börja lära sig		The number of individuals of a particular species in a specific area at a given time
Evenly spaced distribution börja lära sig		A type of distribution where individuals are more or less equally spaced throughout an area
Random distribution börja lära sig		A type of distribution where individuals are spaced randomly in no distinguishable pattern throughout an area
Clumped distribution börja lära sig		A type of distribution where individuals are found clustered in groups in particular parts of an area
Salinity börja lära sig		The dissolved salt content of water
Brackish börja lära sig		Slightly salty water; often found where seawater and freshwater mix
Osmosis börja lära sig		The movement of water from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration through a semipermeable membrane
Asexual reproduction börja lära sig		The production of genetically identical offspring from a single parent
Sexual reproduction börja lära sig		The production of offspring that has genetic material from two parents
Cladistics börja lära sig		A method of grouping organisms that uses evolutionary lines of descent rather than structural similarities
Clade börja lära sig		A group of organisms that are believed to comprise a common ancestor and all of its evolutionary descendants
Linnaean classification börja lära sig		A hierarchical classification system based on physical characteristics
Hierarchical taxa börja lära sig		Groups of organisms classified into a taxon and arranged in order of rank
Clones börja lära sig		Offspring that are genetically identical to the parent
r - strategists börja lära sig		A species that occupy unstable environments and uses the evolutionary strategy of maintaining high growth rates, occupying less-crowded ecological niches and producing many offspring
K - strategists börja lära sig		A species whose population fluctuates at or near the carrying capacity (K) or the environment in which it resides
Bioinformatics börja lära sig		Collection and analysis of DNA using computers
Molecular sequencing börja lära sig		The comparison of genetic information between organisms to determine evolutionary relatedness
Phylogenetic tree börja lära sig		A diagram that represents evolutionary relatedness between organisms
DNA sequencing börja lära sig		The process of determining the nucleotide sequence of a DNA molecule
Evolutionary Relatedness börja lära sig		How closely two species are related by a common ancestor; species sharing more recent common ancestors are more closely related than those with less recent common ancestors
Common ancestor börja lära sig		The most recent species from which two or more organisms are descended; an ancestor that two species have in common
Cladogram börja lära sig		A branching diagram showing the evolutionary relatedness of a number of species
DNA sequence börja lära sig		The order of nucleotide bases that make up a section of DNA
Mutation börja lära sig		A small permanent change in the DNA sequence of an organism
Genome börja lära sig		The complete set of genetic information of an organism
Bifurcation börja lära sig		The division of a species into two species through divergent evolution
Hybrid börja lära sig		The offspring of parents of different species
Classification börja lära sig		The arrangement of living organisms or ecosystems into groups sharing similar characteristics
Climate börja lära sig		Long-term average weather patterns specific to a geographical area
Terrestrial börja lära sig		Relating to land, as opposed to aquatic (refers to water)
Stratified sampling börja lära sig		The division of the physical environment into smaller components for sampling
Zonation börja lära sig		The breaking of the biome into habitat zones
Transect börja lära sig		A measured length or strip of terrain in an environment along which individual organisms or environmental parameters are measured and recorded
Unbiased data börja lära sig		Data collected without influence or preference or prejudice of an external source
Error börja lära sig		The difference between an observed value and a true value results in the inaccuracy of results
Line intercept börja lära sig		A sampling technique used to estimate relative densities of a species by counting the number of individuals that lie on a straight line cutting through the community
Belt transect börja lära sig		An elongated area of known length and width through a particular environment in which specific community parameters are measured and recorded
Succession börja lära sig		The process of the diversity and populations of a community changing over time
Randomised Sampling börja lära sig		A method of selecting a sample from a total array in such a way that every possible sample that could be selected has an equal chance of being selected
Mitochondria börja lära sig		An organelle found in most living cells that facilitates energy production known as cellular respiration
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) börja lära sig		A biological molecule used by living cells for energy
Cellular respiration börja lära sig		A metabolic reaction occurring in most living cells that release energy for movement, growth and other biological functions
Energy transfer börja lära sig		The movement of energy from one object or system to another (a chimp pushes another chimp)
Energy transformation börja lära sig		The change from one form of energy into another (light into chemical energy)
Trophic level börja lära sig		A hierarchical level in an ecosystem containing organisms that have the same feeding function in the food chain
Autotroph börja lära sig		Also called a producer; an organism that can produce its own food from inorganic molecules using chemical energy or light energy from the sun
Photosynthesis börja lära sig		Conversion of light energy into chemical energy by photosynthetic organisms such as phytoplankton or plants
Food chain börja lära sig		A flowchart showing feeding relationships between organisms
Trophic börja lära sig		Relating to the consumption of food and nutrients
Consumer börja lära sig		An organism that cannot produce its own food so needs to eat other organisms to obtain energy
Food web börja lära sig		A flowchart showing complex feeding relationships between several interlinking food chains
Organic börja lära sig		Relating to living matter
Inorganic börja lära sig		Relating to molecules or structures that aren't part of a living organism
Carbon börja lära sig		An element essential for many structures and processes in living organisms
Nitrogen börja lära sig		An element required to produce many biological molecules, particularly in plants
Water börja lära sig		A molecule essential for numerous biological processes in living organisms
Metabolic reaction börja lära sig		A chemical reaction that helps to maintain the biological function of an organism
Carbon Sink börja lära sig		A large area of vegetation, water or another naturally forming environment able to absorb and store atmospheric carbon dioxide
Nitrogen Fixation börja lära sig		Conversion of atmospheric nitrogen to nitrate by bacteria and cyanobacteria
Ecological niche börja lära sig		The role and position of a species in its environment; interactions of a species with the biotic and abiotic factors of its environment
Fundamental niche börja lära sig		The range of environmental factors a species can occupy without consideration for population limiting factors
Realised niche börja lära sig		The part of a fundamental niche a species occupies due to population limiting factors
Competitive exclusion börja lära sig		The exclusion of a species from a community by another organism better adapted to that particular ecological niche
Keystone species börja lära sig		A species that has a disproportionately large effect on the community in which it lives
Interspecific relationship börja lära sig		A relationship or interaction between different species within a community
Carrying capacity börja lära sig		The number of individuals of a species able to be supported by its habitat
Population limiting factor börja lära sig		Any biotic/abiotic factor that limits the continued growth of a population of a species
Exponential growth börja lära sig		Reproductive rate is maintained and the population continues to grow limited by resources
Immigration börja lära sig		The permanent movement of an individual or population of a species into a community
Emigration börja lära sig		The permanent movement of an individual or population of a species out of a community
Population change formula börja lära sig		(Births (B) - deaths (D))+ (Immigration (I) - Emigration (E))
Lincoln Index börja lära sig		The Lincoln Index allows conservationists to estimate population sizes of individual animal species. Individuals are captured, marked, released back into the population and recaptured.
Primary succession börja lära sig		Development and change in plant communities over time, eventually leading from bare ground to a climax community
Secondary succession börja lära sig		Successive, natural changes in plant communities in an area where a previous community has been removed
Pioneer species börja lära sig		The first species to colonise an area during primary succession
Climax community börja lära sig		A more or less stable plant community
Pioneer community börja lära sig		A new community forming on a previously barren landscape, composed of pioneer species
Sere börja lära sig		An intermediate community observed during ecological succession in an ecosystem advancing towards climax community
Ecological disturbance börja lära sig		A temporary change in an ecosystem that causes a significant change in the behaviour, growth and survival of organisms
Symbiotic relationship börja lära sig		An evolved interaction or close living relationship between organisms from different species, usually with benefits to one or both of the individuals involved

Bio unit 3

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